Tibet Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tibet Buddhism - Essay Example This identifies with the vehicles by rehearsing the Buddha’s lessons. Vehicles are ways followed to pick up illumination. The vehicles are Hinayana, Mahayana and Tantrayana. The three turnings are lessons that permit a person to pick a vehicle to edification The Creation or Generation Stage is the initial phase in reflection of Buddhist sadhana. The Completion or Perfection Stage is the point at which a skilled understands their own way of illumination. The Great Perfection is the most elevated lessons of Tibetan convention. Along these lines first the Generation Stage must be finished, the Perfection Stage, lastly Great Perfection can be scholarly. Trungpa implied that Tantric intelligence permits the enduring to stop, or nirvana, which goes into the pattern of birth, demise, and resurrection, or samsara. On the off chance that despise, agony, and outrage are halted, the individual arrives at nirvana. On the off chance that these feelings are no longer there, than samsara is simpler to acknowledge. Glow, delight, and void are the conditions of the psyche. Each brain is a radiant psyche. Happiness is an express the brain attempts to accomplish. Vacancy prompts happiness because of the cleansing of every single negative feeling. The explanation Buddhist need to discharge their psyches is to mitigate languishing. On the off chance that a spirit is vacant it can't endure. 4. Utilizing Davidson㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tibetan Renaissance and Karmay㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s The Great Perfection as aides, reveal to me how the connection between the Tibetans and Tantra transformed from the hour of Relpachen to about one hundred years after his death. During Relpachen’s rule, the Tibetans and Tantra were firmly entwined. The Tantra was antiquated Tibetan lessons of affection. Since Relpachen bolster Buddhism, the Tantra was energized during his time. Anyway after his death of Relpachen, his sibling became lord. This ruler was hostile to Buddhist. So for a while Buddhists were mistreated. Therefore the Tantra went somewhere near the Tibetans was debilitated through this oppression, common wars, and

The Beat In Allen Ginsberg?s ?America? :: essays research papers

50 years prior, American poetics reclassified itself when it rolled out some natural improvements. Customary section, as its forcibly fed rhyme and meter plots regularly confines any exact report, was repressed and chastised for an increasingly sensible, a progressively human-excretory way to deal with composing refrain. Both the Projectivist and the Beat artists, drove by Charles Olson and Allen Ginsberg separately, were instrumental pioneers in this mapping of future poetics. They felt correspondence to be an adjusted connection between the brain and its condition, and in that capacity, a composing instrument normally and fundamentally bereft of deliberation. Indeed, they thought about the their rewards for so much hard work as genuine, and as unequivocal, as the material which it rose.      Let’s investigate the natural structure wanted by the Projectivist writer as portrayed by Charles Olson. Essentially, the writer must form his sonnet by field. As it were, rather than attempting to fit the close best word into a pre-appointed line, refrain, or structure, the Projectivist artist utilizes a characteristically less-prohibitive, open, free-form stanza which depends exclusively on the poet’s processing of his condition, or field. Utilizing such stanza could just demonstrate to improve genuine correspondence. Basically, there are two interrelated parts to Projectivist stanza, the â€Å"what?â€Å" and the â€Å"how?.†      The â€Å"what?† can be part three different ways: energy, rule, and procedure. Energy alludes to the vitality move from the field through the poet’s psyche to his pen. The way the vitality takes from field to pen is fixed and along these lines, as referenced above, bereft of deliberation. The subsequent part, rule, is just a culmination to energy. This piece of the â€Å"what?† has been best portrayed by Robert Creeley who composed, â€Å"form is never in excess of an augmentation of content.† Finally, the way toward making by field can be effectively characterized with a comprehension of the domino impact. We as a whole realize that tapping along these lines toppling the first of a gathering of dominos stacked in arrangement with one another will quickly prompt a further tapped in this manner toppled domino. A similar thought can be comprehended concerning Projectivist hypothesis of stanza; as advised to Olson by Edward Dahlberg, â€Å"on e observation should quickly and straightforwardly lead to a further perception.†      The second piece of the hypothesis of Projectivist section, the â€Å"how,† is fundamentally the existence power the vitality gets as it goes through the writers body. Olson expressively alluded to this association of field and life as â€Å"the move of the mind.

Introducing the All-New Public Maps Universe! - Focus

Introducing the All-New Public Maps Universe! - Focus In our beautiful new Public Maps Universe, you can follow your favorite mind mappers, copy great maps to your account, and, of course, share your own creations with the world. More than 300,000 interactive mind maps in 10 different categories are ready to be explored what are you waiting for? What Is the Public Maps Universe? Created by professionals, creatives, teachers and students all over the world, the public mind maps stored in MindMeisters Public Maps Universe contain information about almost every subject imaginable. Public mind maps provide a visual overview of a whole topic on a single page, and often contain tons of useful links, notes, videos and other resources that you can use. But that’s not all: They’re interactive: You can zoom in and out, open and close branches, click on links, open attachments and play embedded slideshows. They’re shareable:  You can share interesting maps on your social media channels or link to them from your blog or website. They’re free:  All of the mind maps stored in MindMeister’s Public Maps Universe can be viewed for free. They’re editable:  Most map authors allow you to copy their public maps to your own MindMeister account, where you can then edit them further. Create Your Own MindMeister Account Sign up now FREE Sign up now Browse the New Categories Besides a complete UI revamp, MindMeister’s Public Maps Universe features 3 awesome new categories for you to explore: In the category Marketing  you’ll find public maps created by SEO specialists, growth hackers, content marketers and other experts. Check out this great mind map about Marketing Strategies and this Marketing Persona template! In Design  you’ll find fantastic maps about UI and UX design, product design, architecture, and much more. Go ahead and browse all design maps now! Our new Summaries  category features mind map summaries of popular books, TED talks and other educational resources. Take a look at this great summary of the book Influence by Robert B. Cialdini! Follow Other Mappers Additionally, you can now follow your favorite mind mappers, just like you can follow artists on other platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. You can view a list of all mind mappers you follow and scroll through a feed of all the maps theyve recently published. Why Use Mind Maps? Mind maps provide a great overview of any subject and help you see how things are connected. By using a two-dimensional structure as well as colors, icons and images to display information, these diagrams become much more memorable than linear text or simple lists. Millions of professionals as well as students around the world use mind maps daily to improve comprehension and communicate ideas more effectively.   So What Are You Waiting For? Head on over to our all-new Public Maps Universe to find interesting maps now, or sign up for a free MindMeister account to create your own awesome maps! Explore the Public Maps Universe Now! Start Browsing Free Start Browsing Introducing the All-New Public Maps Universe! - Focus In our beautiful new Public Maps Universe, you can follow your favorite mind mappers, copy great maps to your account, and, of course, share your own creations with the world. More than 300,000 interactive mind maps in 10 different categories are ready to be explored what are you waiting for? What Is the Public Maps Universe? Created by professionals, creatives, teachers and students all over the world, the public mind maps stored in MindMeisters Public Maps Universe contain information about almost every subject imaginable. Public mind maps provide a visual overview of a whole topic on a single page, and often contain tons of useful links, notes, videos and other resources that you can use. But that’s not all: They’re interactive: You can zoom in and out, open and close branches, click on links, open attachments and play embedded slideshows. They’re shareable:  You can share interesting maps on your social media channels or link to them from your blog or website. They’re free:  All of the mind maps stored in MindMeister’s Public Maps Universe can be viewed for free. They’re editable:  Most map authors allow you to copy their public maps to your own MindMeister account, where you can then edit them further. Create Your Own MindMeister Account Sign up now FREE Sign up now Browse the New Categories Besides a complete UI revamp, MindMeister’s Public Maps Universe features 3 awesome new categories for you to explore: In the category Marketing  you’ll find public maps created by SEO specialists, growth hackers, content marketers and other experts. Check out this great mind map about Marketing Strategies and this Marketing Persona template! In Design  you’ll find fantastic maps about UI and UX design, product design, architecture, and much more. Go ahead and browse all design maps now! Our new Summaries  category features mind map summaries of popular books, TED talks and other educational resources. Take a look at this great summary of the book Influence by Robert B. Cialdini! Follow Other Mappers Additionally, you can now follow your favorite mind mappers, just like you can follow artists on other platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. You can view a list of all mind mappers you follow and scroll through a feed of all the maps theyve recently published. Why Use Mind Maps? Mind maps provide a great overview of any subject and help you see how things are connected. By using a two-dimensional structure as well as colors, icons and images to display information, these diagrams become much more memorable than linear text or simple lists. Millions of professionals as well as students around the world use mind maps daily to improve comprehension and communicate ideas more effectively.   So What Are You Waiting For? Head on over to our all-new Public Maps Universe to find interesting maps now, or sign up for a free MindMeister account to create your own awesome maps! Explore the Public Maps Universe Now! Start Browsing Free Start Browsing

Crossing Narrator and Story - 1208 Words

Crossing Some fathers take their sons out on camping trips to create a closer bond. These trips are cozy and relaxing and are done under safe circumstances. Most fathers would never dream of taking their sons out on dangerous trips, which is not the case in Mark Slouka’s short story, Crossing, which was published in 2009. It’s a nerve racking story about a father who takes his little son on a survival trip in a forest, which turns out bad. It is an interesting story and this study will analyze and interpret the narrator, setting and structure and will finally conclude on the story as a whole. The story is being told from a limited omniscient third person narrative. â€Å"He remembered†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"He’d been in at the house by dawn, as he’d promised. He as in the driveway for a while looking at the yard, the azaleas he’d planted, the grass in the yard beaten flat by the rain. For a long time he hadn’t wanted her back, hadn’t wanted much of anything, really. He went inside, wiping his shoes and ducking his head like a visitor (†¦)† We’re told that he and his wife split up and she got their old house, and lives there now with their son, through his thoughts and actions. A lot of dialog can often feel very confusing for the reader, so by letting the father’s thoughts tell the story, it becomes flowing and lighter to read and gives a greater understanding of the situation. The story is taking place in a forest, in the wild, and is a dangerous place. â€Å"Of course they’d have a campfire – there was a fire ring right there and sometimes, if you were quiet, herds of elk would graze in the meadow at dusk† They are in the wild, with elks grazing near them, which are dangerous animal, should they feel threatened. This gives the reader a clear image of the location of the story. There are two different locations, the one which most of the story takes place in, and the tour to the main location. â€Å"It was raining as they drove out of Tacoma that morning† â€Å"When they came out of the trees and onto the stony beach he felt a small shock, as if he were looking at a house he’d grown up in but now barely recognized.† TheShow MoreRelatedAnalytical Essay of Crossing by Mark Slouka790 Words   |  4 PagesAnalytical essay of †Crossing† - Mark Slouka â€Å"No love is greater than that of a father for His son† – This quote can be related to the short story crossing, which is written by Mark Slouka. The father (Narrator) has a past where he failed a lot on the family-front, now he is trying to make things better by trying to improve his bond to his son. A relationship between a son and his father is difficult to maintain when the sons father and mother are divorced. The custody is typically awarded toRead MoreAnalytical Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesFurthermore, these trips are a possibility for fathers to pass knowledge to their sons. In Mark Slouka’s short story â€Å"Crossing† from 2009 a father takes his son on such a trip. But nature is not an opponent that should be underestimated, and the family gets to experience just how brutal nature can really be, when you do not watch your every step. The main character in the short story is a father. The reader has access to his thoughts and emotions and through these he is portrayed. It is obviousRead MoreVictorian Literature of Quests800 Words   |  3 Pages The idea of a character on a quest is quite common in Victorian stories and poetry. A quest is a journey made in order to seek something out such as treasure, knowledge, or just for the mere enjoyment. The people of the Victorian Era are respectable, energetic, and conventional; yet, the literature of their time reflects doubt regarding different aspects of society like religion, class privilege, and gender roles. Because of this, many Victorian writers and poets chose to integrate the ideaRead MoreSummary Of Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress756 Words   |  4 PagesDai Sijie’s book â€Å"Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress† is a novel about the life story and adventures of a boy (Narrator) and his friend Luo. They are being re-educated in a mountain village in China. Once in awhile, when they would have a day off of working in the fields/mines, they would leave their vill age to visit either the Little Seamstress (Luo’s girlfriend) or their friend Four Eyes. One day, Narrator and Luo went to Four Eyes’s house and discovered that he had a mysterious suitcase hiddenRead MoreCrossing Af Mark Slouka Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesCrossing The short story, ‘Crossing’, is written by Mark Slouka in 2009, and takes up father and son relationship together with man vs. nature. From the beginning of time fathers have taken their sons on camping trips or similar to pass on their knowledge about how to conquer Mother Nature. But more important it binds them closer together, and this is exactly these two purposes the father here wishes to obtain. Through a third person limited narrator the reader is presented to a father who hasRead MoreEssay of the Short Story Crossing.1002 Words   |  5 PagesA. Crossing Crossing is a short story written by Mark Slouka. The short story was written in the year 2009. The short story revolves around the nameless main character and his son. They are going on an annual traditional trip. The trip is a one day where they drive to a place in the woods where they spend the night at an old settler’s barn. The name of the main character is not revealed – no names at all are revealed, so every character mentioned in the short story is nameless. That gives theRead MoreRacism In Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin935 Words   |  4 Pagesone simply cannot comprehend. In the short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† the author, James Baldwin, emphasizes on the lasting effect of racism throughout the story. Baldwin vaguely expresses the impact of racial bias on the character Sonny. The audience has to infer the reasoning behind what the author is trying to convey. In the story, racism is a significant factor of symbolism portrayed through the overall hometown setting, key events told throughout the story, and the overall language used. This argumentRead More In the Skin of a Lion Essay996 Words   |  4 Pagesforgotten stories of those who contributed to the building of the city Toronto, particularly immigrants and marginal individuals. In the very first page of the novel, Ondaatje stresses the concern with personal narratives and the act of storytelling: This is the story a young girl gathers in a car during the early hours of the morning [...] She listens to the man as he picks up and brings together various corners of the story... (4). Similar to Crossing the River, there is a framework story, that ofRead MoreAnalysis Of An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge750 Words   |  3 Pageseerie short story about a man who believes he has escaped from death but in reality, he was dreaming the whole time and is killed by the Union soldiers. I found it interesting that Farquhar truly believed that he escaped his death. Narration is a huge component with this story. Without the literary devices used, the story would not flow and the readers would not understand why the story is told the way it is. Themes that stand out within the text are the war, perception and death. This story reflectsRead MoreComparing and Contrasting 2001: a Space Odyssey and â€Å"the Sentinelâ⠂¬ 929 Words   |  4 Pages2001: A Space Odyssey and â€Å"The Sentinel† 2001: A Space Odyssey is a film based on Arthur Clarkes short story, The Sentinel. The purpose of this paper is to explain the similarities and differences between â€Å"The Sentinel† and 2001: A Space Odyssey. There are many similarities and differences between â€Å"The Sentinel† and 2001: A Space Odyssey. The obvious similarity is the crystal pyramid in the story and the monolith in the film. According to Dictionary.com a sentinel is described as a) a person or thing

Training Plan - 1460 Words

Training and Mentoring Needs Due to the reorganization of the sales team and the shifting focus of the sales force, it is important that the team be educated with the tools necessary and prepared to take on this challenge. The new sales team, consisting of members from InterClean as well as members from EnviroTech, is going to need training to learn how to tackle the changes that are occurring. The current sales team is made up of three members from EnviroTech, who have excellent customer service skills with some sales experience. They are used to creating relationships with the customer and for the most part, are knowledgeable in customer service skills. They are also used to working in a diverse team environment. Although these†¦show more content†¦The representatives will be able to shadow the customer service employee, on a schedule that is discussed between them, in order to observe good customer service. By having a mentor, the sales representatives will also have a point person to come to for any questions they may have. Sales performance training will be provided to the sales team through a series of lectures and presentations on sales strategies given by the sales manager on an ongoing monthly basis. Conferences or additional classes may be given to those who may need more help. Teamwork training will be provided to the sales team through tolerance classes, team building exercises and events, and weekly meetings. The tolerance class will be a one time event, where team building exercises and events will continue throughout the year. Weekly meetings will be held to discuss strategy and evaluate teamwork skills. Total sales will be discussed and team goals will be set in this meeting, in order to promote teamwork. Evaluation Methods Sales figures from each representative will be measured and compared to their sales goals on a quarterly basis. This makes sure that the sales representative is working toward their goal and trying to work at a level equal to that of the performance standards. Customer satisfaction surveys will be given to customers with every third order. Some sort of incentive (10% off next order) will be given to the customer to encourage the customer to complete the survey. This willShow MoreRelatedTraining Plan2276 Words   |  10 PagesA Reflection/Training Plan Week 5 One of the best practices for a business is to have a solid need assessment, training method and training evaluation practice in place. In this paper we will go over the following: * Needs assessment * Environmental analysis * Organizational analysis * Demographical analysis * Operational analysis * Individual analysis * Training methods * Types of media * Learning principles * Training for learningRead MoreTraining Plan2693 Words   |  11 PagesTeam E will discuss all the different types of training tools and modules. In this paper team e will discuss the needs assessments, training methods, and training evaluation strategies. Mr. Stonefield will be able to effectively provide training materials and safe work practices for all employees. Environmental Analysis â€Å"Environmental analysis is the evaluation of the possible or probable effects of external forces and conditions on an organization’s survival and growth strategies† (Business DictionaryRead MoreTraining Plan Essay2072 Words   |  9 PagesNeeds Assessment The first phase of developing the training plan is assessing the needs of Mr. Stonefield’s company and determining the goals he wants to achieve through implementation of the plan. This assessment begins with an environmental assessment which will aim to determine what skills and behaviors Mr. Stonefield wants his employees to learn in order to support job performance in his company. This will help ensure that the overall training plan adequately prepares employees in the necessary jobRead MoreEmployee Training And Development Plan753 Words   |  4 Pagesin job related training and development courses in specifically related to their job description. According to Landy and Conte (2013) development is the formal education, job experience, mentoring, relationships, and assessment personality and abilities that help employees prepare for the future. Training is the systematic acquisition of skills, concepts or attitude that results in improved performance in another environment . Annually organizations spend billions on employee training each year, toRead MoreOrientation and Training Plan Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Rue and Byars (2010), â€Å"orientation is not a one-time obligation, but an ongoing process† (p. 207). Training of employees can also be defined by this statement. Having an effective orientation and training plan is essential to the success of new employees and the organization as a whole. Ineffective training and orientation creates dissatisfaction with new employees which reduces morale and increases turnover (Giangreco, Sebastiano, Peccei, 2009). The first step to successful entryRead MoreTraining Plan Proposal: First Aid and Cpr Training1447 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding patients and employees. In order to discover the strengths and weaknesses of first aid and CPR training in our office, a needs assessment was conducted during a period of several months prior to the development of this training program. The n eeds assessment revealed that the current staff is unfamiliar with the concepts and skills needed to properly assess and administer first aid. A pre-training assessment administered by the American Red Cross revealed that the potential trainees displayedRead MoreEvaluation Plan For Training And Development Program2794 Words   |  12 PagesTraining and development is a key component to any organization’s current and future success. By fostering a learning oriented organization, you are creating a culture and environment that will deliver high quality service and products, anticipate and prepare for the future needs of the organization, and increase both customer and employee satisfaction. Training and development must be supported by the Human Resource function, and utilized by senior management to drive staffing strategy and decisionsRead MorePlan For Start Jo s Training893 Words   |  4 PagesFitness Client: Jo Rationale: Beginning this new fitness regime, I decided to start Jo’s training off with a highly effective run/walk workout on every other day of the week, with morning yoga to increase flexibility and strength. I believe that by combining a run for a specified amount of time (gradually increasing over the months) with short rests in between, Jo will be able to increase her stamina and work toward her goal of a 10k. In addition, I have incorporated moderate intensity workoutsRead MoreP6 - Discuss Methods of Continuing Professional Development and Training Relevant to the Career Plan.1089 Words   |  5 PagesInduction training is training given to new employees. The purpose of the induction training (which may be a few hours or a few days) is to help a new employee settle down quickly into the job by becoming familiar with the people, the surroundings, the job and the business. It is important to give a new employee a good impression on the first day of work. However, the ind uction programme should not end there. It is also important to have a systematic induction programme, spread out over several daysRead MoreDiversity Training Plan704 Words   |  3 PagesDiversity Training Plan Jennifer Perez HRM/326 May 23, 2016 Diversity Training Plan Many employers are unaware of the benefits of and ways to achieve workplace diversity. This Diversity and inclusion training plan provides this information. This plan is designed to be presented by an individual who is knowledgeable in diversity and business strategies and who is familiar with the company’s

Research on Internet Usage Among Penang Matriculation College Free Essays

(i) BACKGROUND INFORMATION By the turn of the century, information, including access to the internet, will be the basis for personal, economic, and political advancement. The popular name for the internet is the information superhighway. Whether you want to find latest financial news, browse through library catalogs, exchange information with colleagues, or join in a lively political debate, the internet is the tool that will take you beyond your telephones, faxes, and isolated computers to a burgeoning networked information frontier. We will write a custom essay sample on Research on Internet Usage Among Penang Matriculation College or any similar topic only for you Order Now The internet supplements the traditional tools you use to gather information, data graphics, and news and correspond with other people. Used skillfully, the internet shrinks the world and brings information, expertise, and knowledge on nearly every subject imaginable straight to your computer. The internet links are computer networks all over the world so that users can share resources and communicate with each other. Some computers have direct access to all the facilities on the internet such as the universities. And other computers, (e. : privately-owned ones), have indirect links through a commercial service provider, who offers some or all of the internet facilities. In order to be connected to the internet, you must go through service suppliers. Many options are offered with monthly rates. Depending on the option chosen, access time may vary. The internet is what we call a metanetwork that is a network of networks that spans the globe. It is impossible to give an exact count of the number of networks or users that comprise the internet, but it is easily in the thousands and millions respectively. The internet employs a set of standardized protocols which allow for the sharing of resources among different kinds of computers that communicate with each other on the network. These standards, sometimes referred to as the Internet Protocol Suite, are the rules that developers adhere to when creating new functions for the internet. The internet is also what we call a distributed system; there is no central archive. Technically, no one runs the internet. Rather, the internet is made up of thousands of smaller networks. The internet thrives and develops as its many users find new ways to create, display and retrieve the information that constitutes the internet. (ii) OBJECTIVES The main objective of conducting this experiment is to investigate the internet usage among Penang Matriculation College (PMC) students. The survey is designed to answer the following questions; 1) How the students access the internet? 2) How often they access the internet? 3) How many hours they spend time online? 4) What type of website they usually visit while online? 5) Do online affect their performances in studies? And the most important thing is, by conducting this research; it reveals the reality of online behaviour among PMC students. At the early of the research, we came up with three hypotheses which might be related to the result of the research: Hypothesis 1: a) The majority of PMC students spend 3-5 hours online per week. Hypothesis 2: b) The main online purpose of PMC students is to keep in touch with their family and friends. Hypothesis 3: c) Majority of the students online and study at the same time. (iii) STATEMENT OF PROBLEM There are some problems we discovered that leads to this survey. We came up with three important questions that it might be related to the results of this research: 1. Does social networking website (e. g: Facebook, Twitter, Blog, etc. ) distract the students in their studies? * With the existence of electronic communication, it seems like the students have become addicted to these invention of public domain such as Facebook and Twitter. Some of them spend more than 3 hours online per day. Thus, does this online behavior affect their performances in studies? 2. How do the students manage their study time with their online behaviour? If students prefer to go study and online at the same time, will they be able to concentrate on their studies? This is the problem as we want to identify does this type of online behaviour affect the concentration of the students? 3. Can they survive their lives without any internet connection? * Internet is one of the important things needed in life, especially for students. It helps a lot as students need it in order to finish up all the assignments and get further information on certain topics. Students also surf the internet to get the latest news on current issues. How would the students finishing their assignments if there is no internet connection in the college? (i) RESPONDENTS We randomly selected 50 students of PMC which represent 3% of the total students. We believed that majority of the students use internet in their daily lives for education purposes. However, as we all know, in a new era world, students also need some entertainment to cheer up their lives an there is the role of internet as students also can use it to find some entertainment in order to release stress. (ii) INSTRUMENTS In completing this research, we used various kind of method to gather data obtained: a) Questionnaire * 10 questions about internet usage among PMC students were being asked and the questionnaire was distributed to 50 students of PMC. They were asked to answer the survey in order to complete this research and gain the data. The 50 students were randomly selected among all the total students and they were from different module of courses. b) Internet search * We also made comparison between the internet usage among PMC students and survey made by other international researcher. We found out that the usage of internet among students was high especially in purpose of education such as to do research projects and presentation. However, they also used the internet to keep in contact with family and friends as the existence of social networking site helps a lot in connecting people all over the world. c) Book, newspaper and magazines * Besides, we also looked for points in magazines and newspaper about the latest news of internet usage among college students. How the internet plays its role in students’ lives and how the institution itself provide the nternet connection for the students. (iii) RESEARCH PROCEDURE a) Phase One At the early stage of this research, we made a questionnaire to be distributed to the students. The questionnaire was checked by our English lecturer, Mr. Asokan before being photocopied. The questionnaire which has been checked and approved then be photocopied and distributed to 50 selected students. b) Phase Two The distribution of the questionnaire was made during our recess time. We distributed the questionnaire to the students which came from different modules (Life Science, Physics and Accounting. Basically, the different module of students does not really affect our results of finding as we put our aim on their PSPM results which might be related to their online behaviour. c) Phase Three We took almost 5 days to distribute the questionnaire and collect the data. Every one of group members was very determined in conducting this research. The data collected was kept for further analysis. We gathered during weekend and made further discussion about the findings. ANALYSIS OF DATA DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS We found out that 5% of the students access the internet through their mobile phone. We predicted that their mobile phone have the ability to access the internet through the prepaid internet service. 15% of the students preferred to online at the cyber cafe which is most of the students were female students as the cyber cafe only located at female students’ block. Besides, another 37% of the students have their own broadband to access the internet. The rest of 43% students used the Wi-fi provided by the college and also through cafe. We can conclude that students can access the internet through several of ways at anywhere and anytime. They don’t need to be worry as the internet connection is always being available. The students also can surf the internet for many purposes and the internet connection provided is unlimited except if they access through PMC Wi-fi as the server blocked several websites containing improper contents for the students. Based on the pie chart above, we can see that majority of the students access the internet several times a week which represent 43% of the students. Another 32% of the students access the internet everyday, 13% online once a week, 10% online several times a day and finally 2% of the students online rarely which is once a month or less. The findings proved that every student have different type of online behaviour. The students who online once in a month or less probably think that internet does not really affect their lives. While for the students who access the internet once a week may be online for important purpose only. As for the rest, they often access the internet may be to update themselves with latest issues or many other reasons. From the data obtained, 54% of the students spent time 3-5 hours online per week. Whereas 34% online more than 5 hours per week while another 12% spent 1-2 hours online per week. Spent 3-5 hours online per week is the average time for the PMC students to access the internet. They finished up their assignments, keep in touch with family and do other things online within 3-5 hours per week. They did not waste their time do something useless while online as 3-5 hours per week is a short period to access the internet. They managed to make use of the internet wisely. The main purpose of PMC students to go online is to contact their family and friends which cover 31% of the students. Basically, they might keep in contact through e-mails or video call with many types of communicating website such as Yahoo! nd Skype. 28% of the students preferred to surf the social networking site such as Facebook, Twitter and many other. They also were able to keep in touch through those social networking site. 14% of the students access the internet to play games and most of them were male students. Hence, another 11% online with the purpose of finishing the assignments or maybe ge t update about the latest education topic through PMC portal. There were also some students who spent their time online to read online newspaper (3%), downloading music or videos (6%), and others (7%). From the findings, we found out that there was correlation between students’ online behaviour with their studies performance. 46% of PMC students spent less than 10 hours on studies per week. This may due to the activity involved by the students itself. As class was finished in the late evening, students need more time to rest in order to prepare for the tomorrow class. At night, they had to finish their tutorials and made some revision for next topic. We can conclude that half of the PMC students spent more than 10 hours on studies per week. 9% spent more than 15 hours whereas another 25% spent time on studies between 10-15 hours. Different students have different ability to make revision. Some can study for more than 3 hours continuously per day while some cannot. It depends on the ability of the students itself. From the data collected, it was proven that most of the students did not preferred to study and go online at the same time. They felt better if go study and online separately. Meaning, they might think that online while studying was such a waste of time, as students will be more focus to the internet compare to the books. This type of online behaviour was not really good for students as it might affect student’s performance in studies. Thus, our third hypothesis which was the majority of the students online and study at the same time should be rejected as it was totally different from the result obtained. However, there were 39% of PMC students who still preferred to go study and online at the same time. It was how the student itself managed their study time and online time and in returns, there should be no problem with their studies performance. The final finding of this research was the PSPM 1 of PMC students. As we believed there was correlation between internet usage among PMC students and their studies performance, we noticed that 53% of the students achieved pointer of 3. 00-3. 99 in their PSPM 1. There was also 24% of the students’ success by achieved pointer of 4. From the above pie chart, it showed that the students were able to manage their time in studies and access the internet. As majority of them succeed by getting pointer of 3 and above. It proved that it depends on the student itself on how to manage their time. As the 16% of the student who got pointer of 2-2. 99 and 4% got 1. 99 or less, it might not because of the internet. They should work harder and lessen the internet usage if it was really affect their studies performance. CORRELATION BETWEEN ONLINE BEHAVIOUR AND STUDIES PERFORMANCE (i) CONCLUSIONS This study was intended to clarify the use of the Internet and its effect on studies performances of PMC students. Thorough investigation of three primary questions revealed there is correlation between the amount of time spent on the Internet and their studies performances. Additionally, the purposes of access the internet among PMC students showed that majority of the students online in order to keep in contact with family and friends and also to surf the social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Blog and many more. One finding of note was that the perception of the students about their studies performance was still not significantly influenced by Internet use. The seeming implication of this study is that the Internet, like so many other aspects of daily life, is merely a tool that individuals access and use in ways that they can choose. ii) RECOMMENDATIONS Throughout this research, we found out that internet was not the main factor that affect student’s performance. Students should put more effort in order to achieve excellent results in examination. Determination is very important as a saying goes â€Å"when there’s a will, there’s a way†. This research teaches us a lot from the perspective of team work and respo nsibility. Our hope is, future research can be carried in all the matriculation colleges in the country so that we can compare how internet affect student’s performances in studies do. REFERENCES Websites: 1. http://www. endeley. com/research/internet-use-among-female-and-male-college-s tudents/ 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Internet 3. http://www. jsu. edu/dept/geography/mhill/research/resrept. html 4. http://www. adelaide. edu. au/writingcentre/learning_guides/learningGuide_writingAResearchReport. pdf ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to every person who has made the completion of this project research. Without the help from them, we won’t be able to finish this research successfully. First of all, we would like thank our English Lecturer, Mr. Asokan, for his vital encouragement and support. Thank you for giving us the chance to conduct this experiment as we learnt a lot throughout this research. Thank you also for helping us and guide us on how to make a complete and good report. Besides, thank you to all the practicum members for giving us support and helping us in finding information. We discuss and share any important information that could help in comleting this project. Last but not least, thank to God, who made all things possible. That’s all. Thank you TABLE OF CONTENT TitlePage 1. 0 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background Information . 2 Objectives 1. 3 Statement of Problem 2. 0 METHODOLOGY 2. 1 Subject/Respondents 2. 2 Instruments 2. 3 Research Procedure 3. 0 FINDINGS DISCUSSION 4. 0 CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS 5. 0 REFERENCES APPENDICES RESEARCH ON INTERNET USAGE AMONG PENANG MATRICULATION COLLEGE (PMC) STUDENTS GROUP MEMBERS: * MUHAMMAD ALIFF HAIQAL BIN MUHAMMAD NASIR (MS1113508572) * MUHAMMAD AZREE IZUDDIN BIN AZMAN (MS1113508640) * SHARIFAH NURFADHLIN AFIFAH BINTI SYED AZHAR (MS1113510255) * SITI HAJAR BINTI HASSAN (MS1113510322) PRACTICUM: H1P2 LECTURER’S NAME: MR. ASOKAN How to cite Research on Internet Usage Among Penang Matriculation College, Essays

Value Drivers Of The Pharmaceutical Industry Essay Example

Value Drivers Of The Pharmaceutical Industry Essay The size of the global pharmaceutical industry was estimated at US$362.8 billion (December 2000) with North America being the largest market (44%), followed by Europe (24%), Latin America (6%) and Asia, Africa and Australia having a combined share of 26%. With a size of Rs. 231 billion in FY2001, and growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 17% per annum, the Indian pharmaceutical industry is one of the largest among developing countries. It contributes 8% in volume terms but only 1% in value terms to global pharmaceutical sales. The domestic companies meet about 90% of the countrys total bulk drugs requirement and almost the entire demand for formulations. There are over 20,000 players in the industry, with a large number of them involved in the production of unbranded products. The structure of the Indian pharmaceutical industry (as that of its global counterpart) is characterized by fragmentation, with over 20,000 players-a large number of which are in the small-scale sector, competing for market share. However, a trend of consolidation is visible at the top with the 5 players in the Indian pharmaceutical industry account for 22% of the retail formulations market. We will write a custom essay sample on Value Drivers Of The Pharmaceutical Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Value Drivers Of The Pharmaceutical Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Value Drivers Of The Pharmaceutical Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Evolution. The evolution of the Indian pharmaceutical industry can be explained in terms of six broad phases, as discussed here. Period up to 1947 The industry was almost non-existent in this period and despite the existent need, demand was limited due to low-income levels and lack of access to medicines. 1947-1970 In 1954, Government established Hindustan Antibiotics Limited (HAL), followed by Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited (IDPL) in 1961. These companies emerged as major producers of critical drugs such as penicillin and other anti-infectives. The Government also provided incentives to multinational companies so that they were encouraged to set up manufacturing bases in India. 1970-1979 In 1970, two major policy initiatives were taken by the Indian Government to strengthen the domestic pharmaceutical industry. Drug Price Control Order (DPCO) was issued to control the prices of drugs and make them affordable to consumers and Indian Patent Act was enacted to provide legal recognition to process patents for pharmaceutical products. The Government also provided incentives to small-scale pharmaceutical units which led to the surfacing of many such units in the formulations segment, where technology was not the most important criteria. 1979-1995 Government made amendments to the DPCO in 1979 reducing the number of drugs under DPCO from 347 to 163. Moreover, higher margins were permitted on the production cost. Further, the export incentives and the advantage of low production costs combined to provide a substantial boost to exports (especially of bulk drugs). The DPCO was again amended in 1987, resulting in a reduction in the number of drugs under price control from 163 to 146. 1995-2001 Government reduced the number of drugs under DPCO further from 146 to 74. It also signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and was expected to introduce the system of product patents (as opposed to process patents) and provide legal protection to Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The signing of the GATT induced a series of changes in the business strategy of the existing pharmaceutical companies. The focus of the companies shifted, and research emerged as the inevitable driver of long-term growth. A large number of companies underwent restructuring and quite a few mergers and acquisitions were witnessed; consolidation at all levels in the industry-brands, assets and acquisition of companies-took place. The move also augmented the interest of multinationals in India. During 2001, at the Ministerial Conference held at Doha (Oman), a declaration on Public Health was signed by the member countries of the World Trade Organisation (WTO the successor to GATT). This declaration clarifies that the TRIPS agreement would not prevent WTO members from taking measures to protect public health and provides them the right to determine what constitutes a national emergency or circumstances of extreme urgency. The WTO members would be allowed to determine the grounds on which such licences are granted and grant such compulsory licences. 2002 Pharmaceutical Policy 2002 was announced, wherein the number of drugs under price control has been reduced from 74 (under DPCO 95). Also, both the houses of Parliament have recently cleared the Patents Amendment Act, 2002. The main features of this Act are the extension of patent term to 20 years from the date of application, incorporation of a provision relating to right of import and changes in the provisions relating to compulsory licensing. High Cost Process with Long Time Lead The average length of time required to develop a drug is estimated at 12-15 years, increasing over the years, mainly because of the tightening of the regulations associated with drug approval in different countries. The rate of failure is relatively high. Typically, out of 10,000 compounds synthesised, only around 20 reach the animal testing stage. Of these 20, only around 10 reach clinical trials, and finally, just about one attains the approval of the drug regulatory authorities. Moreover, only around three out of every 10-drug products recover their RD costs. Therefore, companies have to rely on highly successful products to fund their RD activities. Clinical trials account for about half the total time involved in new drug discovery. This phase is of crucial importance and over 40% of the total cost is incurred in this phase. Growth pattern of the sector Growth in the pharmaceutical industry is linked to the introduction of new drugs and increase in prices, among other factors. It is characterized by relative immunity to economic cycles in the short to medium term. However, extreme situations like prolonged recession may affect the growth rate of the industry. The size of a pharmaceutical market increases as a result of various factors, the most prominent among which are discussed here. * Increase in prices: Demand is relatively price- insensitive implying that the market size increases along with an increase in prices. * Increase in volume: With the demographic profile changing following the increase in the number of people in the old age segment, the volume of sales of pharmaceutical products is also expected to increase. * New product introduction: A new product broadens the existing market in terms of its reach and drive growth in the following manner: o Drugs that serve unmet needs for a relatively small patient base. The selling expenses for these drugs are also lower as they are cheaper to launch than blockbusters. o Drugs that increase demand in existing markets o Drugs that create demand for products that did not exist earlier: A recent example of this is Pfizers Viagra. Declining Share of Multinationals Initially, Government policies for the pharmaceutical sector encouraged multinational companies to establish manufacturing bases in India, leading to the dominant control of the Indian pharmaceutical market by these MNCs (market share of over 80% ). With the introduction of the Indian Patents Act and the Drug Price Control Order in 1970, Indian players discovered new avenues of growth, and consequently, the share of the multinationals declined. The Patent Act, 1970, provided opportunity to Indian players by allowing reverse process engineering of known molecules (under and off patent). Thus, the multinationals felt discouraged to introduce their latest products in the Indian market even as the Indian companies increasingly took up the manufacturing of formulations. Cost structure. The three important cost heads for the Indian pharmaceutical industry are: material costs; marketing selling costs; and employee costs. This is in contrast to the cost structure of the global majors, for whom the key costs are: selling costs, general and administration costs; manufacturing costs; and RD expenses. The companies that are present The Indian pharmaceutical industry, estimated at Rs 231 billion, is the fourth largest in the world in terms of volumes. The industry has been growing at a CAGR of 17% over the last 5 years. The industry has around 20,000 players and is characterized by an increasing concentration at the top. It is this segment that we are analyzing in the project. Hence, Large Indian companies like Ranbaxy, DRL etc who are members of both the OPPI and the IDMA will form the basis of our study. There is also a large segment of unbranded drugs in the market. The introduction of regulatory norms by the Government of India favoring process patents coupled with the high import tariff and low prices of the domestic drugs has gone a long way in the development of the domestic industry against the multinationals operating in the country. Today, India is not only self sufficient in drugs and formulations, we also export to different countries in Europe and North America.